Any measure of a human being – in thought or in practice – that subtracts from the essence of a person’s human being is an act of subordination and domination. The thought and practice of this kind of inhumanity has a face-value and a purchase-value. Another way of understanding face-value and purchase-value in the context of intolerance is as a “unified structure of consciousness brought into being by the whole of society“. If the face-value of intolerance is produced socially (colonialism, slavery, Jim Crow etc.), the forms and expressions of its inhumanity lend varying degrees of social validity to the thought and practice of historically specific subordination and domination.
Affirmative Actions
Affirmative action became the by-product of affirmative relief inaction. The substantive and meaningful affirmative relief in the EEOC consent decrees (1973) suffered the same fate as the promise of ’40 Acres and a Mule'(1865). More to the point, the foundation of equity in employment was once again denied the cornerstone of equality necessary to enshrine the integration of diversity and difference in the social, economic and political structures of our society.